Topic: logic

Article

Catalog of fallacies: 67 techniques with examples and answers

Full course reference: six fallacy families, sixty-seven fallacies, each with a substitution mechanics, everyday example, engineering case, and working answer.

#logic#logical fallacies#reference

Article

Logic Workshop: Argument Walkthrough from Thesis to Correction

Unified analysis card, diagnostic tree, engineering and everyday cases, tasks with solutions and the format on which the interactive trainer will be built.

#logic#practice#logical fallacies

Article

Scientific and engineering argumentation: from hypothesis to solution

Deduction, induction and abduction, hypothetico-deductive cycle, Mill’s methods, causal checks, evidence quality, SDD, RFC, code review and incident investigation.

#logic#scientific method#engineering thinking

Article

Cognitive biases and information environment: why knowing the list is not enough

How bias differs from fallacy, how confirmation, availability, anchoring, framing, sunk cost, hindsight, groupthink work, and what processes actually reduce their …

#logic#cognitive biases#decision making

Article

Causal, probabilistic and statistical fallacies

Correlation and causality, confounding factors, base rate, prosecutor’s fallacy, survivorship, regression to the mean, small samples, p-hacking, Simpson’s …

#logic#causality#probability

Article

Presumption and ambiguity fallacies: when an argument silently assumes something in advance

Circle, complex question, burden of proof, false dilemma, special pleading, moving goalposts, slippery slope, equivocation, composition, division and categorical …

#logic#presumption fallacies#ambiguity

Article

Relevance fallacies: person attack, position substitution, and question evasion

Ad hominem, straw man, red herring, whataboutism, false authority, popularity, tradition, emotions and consequences: when a reply does not support the stated thesis.

#logic#relevance fallacies#ad hominem

Article

Modern Logic Fallacies: Implications, Quantifiers and Modality

Invalid patterns detected regardless of the topic: affirming the consequent, denying the antecedent, false disjunction, quantifier shift, existential and modal leap.

#logic#formal fallacies#implication

Article

Aristotle's Thirteen Fallacies: the First Systematic Catalog of Fallacies

Six linguistic and seven non-linguistic sources of spurious refutation in “On Sophistical Refutations”: from homonymy and amphiboly to false cause, complex …

#logic#logical fallacies#sophisms

Article

Enthymeme and rhetorical proof: how to restore hidden premises

Why real arguments are abbreviated, how Aristotle and Chelpanov understood enthymeme, how to reconstruct hidden premises, work with examples, signs, maxims, ethos, and …

#logic#enthymeme#rhetoric

Article

Categorical syllogisms: figures, modes, and inference checking

How Aristotelian syllogism is structured: major, minor, and middle terms, four figures, valid modes, distribution, diagrams, and typical fallacies.

#logic#syllogisms#Aristotle

Article

Judgments, negation, and the square of opposition

How statements are built from concepts: A/E/I/O, quality and quantity, distribution, square of opposition, transformations, quantifiers, and the scope of negation.

#logic#propositions#square of opposition